辽宁省农业科学院郁金香团队

辽宁省农业科学院郁金香团队是国内专业从事郁金香种质资源收集、遗传育种和产业开发的科研团队。团队带头人屈连伟研究员（博士）为中国园艺学会球宿根花卉分会副秘书长、中国郁金香专家委员会主任委员、荷兰瓦赫宁根大学访问学者。团队骨干成员全部具有硕士以上学历或国外留学经历。团队自2001年开始进行郁金香资源收集、新品种选育及栽培技术研究。在国家留学基金委资助下，先后有4名访问学者到荷兰瓦赫宁根大学（Wageninge University）Van Jaap课题组开展合作研究。目前团队建立了国内最全的郁金香种质资源圃，收集保存郁金香资源500余份，其中野生资源180份。2016年，被中国花卉协会确定为“国家郁金香种质资源库”，是目前唯一一个国家级郁金香种质资源库。

在世界范围内，首次对中国野生郁金香资源开展系统评价研究，首次基于5S和45S rDNA精准定位对新疆郁金香（T. sinkiangensis）和准噶尔郁金香（T. schrenkii）进行精准染色体核型分析；首次报道了准噶尔郁金香（T. schrenkii）、伊犁郁金香（T. iliensis）、天山郁金香（T. thianschanica）、阿尔泰郁金香（T. altaica）、新疆郁金香（T. sinkiangensis）、异叶郁金香（T. heterophylla）和柔毛郁金香（T. buhseana）的核型；首次利用层次分析法（AHP）对野生郁金香资源进行观赏价值、应用价值和生态适应性的综合评价，为我国野生郁金香资源开发利用奠定了理论基础。发表论文49篇，其中SCI/CPCI收录8篇，获沈阳市科技进步奖一等奖1项，市厅级科技进步奖二等奖2项。

突破郁金香育种关键技术，建立了远缘杂交、有性多倍化和染色体加倍3套高效育种技术体系。经过18年的不断努力，团队已经成功选育出7个郁金香新品种：‘黄玉’、‘紫玉’、‘天山之星’、‘和平时代’、‘金色童年’、‘丰收季节’和‘伊犁之春’，填补了我国无自主知识产权郁金香品种的空白。研发集成了郁金香盆花、切花、绿化展示、种球扩繁和采后处理5套栽培技术体系，制定了“郁金香切花、盆花生产技术规程”等5项省级地方标准。研发了“郁金香水培花盆”、“一种瓶栽郁金香营养液”等6项系列室内水培专利，使郁金香的应用范围由室外拓宽到室内，实现了郁金香室内水培从无到有的突破。团队研发的成果正努力推向市场，目前，已转化专利、技术等成果7项。成果在辽宁省主要花卉产区得到了普遍应用，带动了大批农民从事郁金香相关产品的生产和销售，促进了农民增收。

郁金香产业的振兴，需要全国郁金香人共同努力。辽宁省农业科学院郁金香团队将继续以抗性育种和香味育种为目标、以市场需求为导向、以郁金香种球国产化为宗旨，与国内从事郁金香科研工作的大学、科研院所开展广泛合作和联合攻关，为我国郁金香产业健康发展不懈努力。相信在全国郁金香科研工作者的共同努力下，我国自主选育的郁金香品种必将走入市场，郁金香种球国产化必将实现。

Brief introduction of the tulip team of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The tulip team of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, is a research team specializing in tulip germplasm resource collection, genetic breeding and industrial development in China. The team leader, professor Qu Lianwei (PHD), is the vice secretary-general and executive director of Chinese Society of Flower Bulbs and Herbaceous Perennials (CSBP), the chairman of the Chinese tulip expert committee, and a visiting scholar of Wageningen University. All the team members have master's degree or above or have studied abroad. Since 2001, the team started working on the research and development of tulip and four visiting scholars have successively carried out cooperative research in Van Jaap research group in Wageningen University in the Netherlands, supported by China Scholarship Council. At present, the team has established the most complete tulip germplasm resource nursery in China, and that was granted ‘National Tulip Germplasm Bank’ by Chinese Flower Association in 2016, which is also the only one national tulip germplasm bank at present.

Wild tulip resources distributed in China were evaluated systematically for the first time worldwide. Karyotypes of T. sinkiangensis and T. schrenkii were analyzed firstly based on the physical mapping of 5S and 45S rDNA. The Karyotypes of T. schrenkii, T. iliensis, T. thianschanica, T. altaica, T. sinkiangensis, T. heterophylla and T. buhseana were reported firstly. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used firstly to evaluate the ornamental value, application value and ecological adaptability of Chinese wild tulip resources. These researches provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of wild tulip resources distributed in China. Based on these studies, 49 articles were published, in which eight papers were cited by SCI or CPCI; one first prize of the Shenyang Science and Technology Progress Award and two second prizes of the Municipal Science and Technology Progress Award were awarded.

The key techniques of tulip breeding were tackled and three high efficiency breeding systems were established, including distant hybridization, sexual polyploidy and chromosome doubling. After 18 years of continuous efforts, seven new tulip varieties has been successfully bred, including 'Yellow Jade', 'Purple Jade', 'Star of Tianshan Mountain', 'Peacetime', 'Golden Childhood', 'Harvest Time' and 'Spring of Yili ', filling the blank of tulip varieties in China. Five sets of tulip cultivation technology systems, including potted flower, cut flower, green display, bulb propagation and post-harvest processing, have been researched and integrated, and five provincial-level standards were formulated and issued. Six series of patents of tulip indoor hydroponic were developed, such as ‘Special pot for tulip soilless cultivation’, et al., which has broadened the application scope of tulips from outdoor to indoor in China. These achievements are being pushed to the market. At present, 7 achievements have been transformed. These technologies have been widely used in the main flower producing areas in Liaoning province, which has led a large number of farmers to engage in the tulip industry, and has promoted the increase of farmers' income.

The promoting of tulip industry requires the joint efforts of all researchers. The tulip research team of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences will continue to take the resistance and fragrance as the breeding goal, take the market demand as the guidance, take the tulip bulb localization as the objective, carry out the extensive cooperation and the joint breakthrough with the domestic and abroad university and institute, escorting for the healthy development of Chinese tulip industry. It is believed that with the joint efforts of all researchers, the local tulip varieties bred in China will be applied in the market and the full localization of tulip bulbs will be realized. (Qu Lianwei, Cai Zhongjie, Xing Guimei, Zhang Yanqiu, Cui Yuehan, Hu Xinying, Zhang Wei, Xue Li, Zhao Jun, and Lei Jiajun)

辽宁省农科院郁金香科研团队带头人屈连伟研究员

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